Supply Chain Analysis of Fresh Milk in Punjab: A Comparative Study of Organised and Unorganised Channels: 25301
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https://doi.org/10.35716/IJED-25301
Author: Neha Manhas, Arjinder Kaur and Amit Guleria
Author Address: Department of Economics and Sociology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004 (Punjab)
Abstract
Dairying is a vital pillar of the rural economy of Punjab, complementing crop-based systems with high milk production (14 million tonnes) and exceptional per capita availability (1245 g/day). The study investigated fresh milk supply chains across three agro-climatic zones using primary data from 180 dairy farmers and 100 intermediaries, comparing organised and unorganised channels. Five major supply chains were identified, varying in structure, price realisation and efficiency. SC-I recorded the highest producer share (97.87 per cent), the lowest price spread (?1.20/litre) and the highest efficiency (46.03), whereas cooperative-based (SC-V) had the lowest producer share (80.80 per cent), the highest price spread (?12.29/litre) and the lowest efficiency (4.48). Intermediary layers reduce farmers’ returns, and advocates targeted interventions such as cold-chain infrastructure, cooperative logistics, and digital platforms to streamline the dairy supply chain and enhance farmers’ profitability.
Keywords
Marketing efficiency, price spread, producers' share in consumers’ rupee, supply chains.
JEL Codes
D40, L14, M31, Q13.